In this fictional John Storm, ocean, climate and cyber-security awareness adventure, the
conversations between the characters are not real, but supposed, as
being possible should the future events that are described come to pass.
The
UN's Secretary General was not considered for kidnap by Red Dragon, due
to total disregard for the criminalizing of the use of nuclear weapons
by the UN. And continued use and even build up of their weapons arsenal,
by the antagonist states.
The
UN Secretary General and IMO's Kitack
Lim, are keen to find out more
about the capabilities of the Elizabeth
Swann craft, once they've seen the sleek trimaran in operation. As
they put it, nobody could fail to be impressed. Their only concern is to
scalability. Could the Swann's formula be applied to cargo ships. Could
the world's shipping fleets run on green
hydrogen.
That
paled into insignificance when considering the Third
World War scenario at hand.
ABOUT
THE SECRETARY GENERAL
António
Manuel de Oliveira Guterres GCC GCL (born 30 April 1949) is a
Portuguese politician and diplomat serving as the ninth
secretary-general of the
United Nations. A member of the Portuguese Socialist Party, he served as prime minister of Portugal from 1995 to 2002.
Guterres served as secretary-general of the Socialist Party from
1992 to 2002. He was elected prime minister of Portugal in 1995 and
resigned in 2002 after the Socialist Party was defeated in the 2001
Portuguese local elections. After six years governing without an
absolute majority and with a bad economy, the Socialist Party did worse
than expected because of losses in Lisbon and Porto, where polls showed
it with a solid lead. Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues assumed the Socialist
Party leadership, but the general election was lost to the Social
Democratic Party, led by José Manuel
Barroso.
Guterres served as president of the Socialist International from
1999 to 2005. He was the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
from 2005 to 2015. In both a 2012 and 2014 poll, the Portuguese public
ranked him the best prime minister of the previous 30 years.
Guterres became United Nations Secretary-General on 1 January
2017, following his formal election by the UN General Assembly on 13
October 2016.
On 29 February 2016, Guterres submitted his nomination as
Portugal's candidate for the 2016 UN Secretary-General selection. This
was the first time candidates for secretary-general had to present their
platform in public hearings in the UN General Assembly, a process
during which Guterres emerged as a much stronger candidate than had been
initially expected, given that he fit the bill on neither the gender
nor the geographic scores.
On 5 October, the 15-member United Nations Security Council
announced that it had agreed to nominate Guterres, after an informal
secret ballot in which he gained 13 "encourage" votes and two "no
opinion" votes. The Security Council officially nominated Guterres in a
formal resolution on 6 October. A week later, he was formally elected by
the United Nations General Assembly in its 71st session. Guterres took
office on 1 January 2017.
The UN's role in the Haiti cholera outbreak was widely discussed and
criticized after the Ban
Ki-moon administration denied the issue for several months.
According to the Boston-based Institute for Justice & Democracy in
Haiti as well as numerous conclusive scientific studies, the UN is the
proximate cause for bringing cholera to Haiti. Peacekeepers sent to
Haiti from Nepal in 2010 were carrying asymptomatic cholera and failed
to treat their waste properly before dumping it into one of Haiti's main
water streams.
During his UNSG informal dialogue, Jamaica,
on behalf of the Caribbean Community, asked if the UN should assume
liability for any deaths within local populations that result from the
introduction of infectious disease by its peacekeepers. Jamaica also
asked if Guterres believed compensation should be provided. Guterres
responded by calling the situation a "particularly complex question",
saying it was difficult to preserve diplomatic immunity while also
ensuring there is no impunity, but that he would "pay a lot of attention
in trying to find the right equilibrium between these two aspects that
are absolutely crucial".
In a UN General Assembly meeting in late October 2016, the
representative from Haiti called the UN's current and future response to
the cholera epidemic "a litmus test of the system's commitment to the
promotion of
human
rights". Though many had hoped Guterres's term would mark a
break with the inaction that characterized Ban's response to the
epidemic, Guterres has done little to signal a commitment to Haitian
cholera victims. As of April 2017, five months into his term as
secretary-general, only $10 million had been contributed to the $400
million fund to fight cholera and provide material assistance to victims
the UN announced in 2016.
In 2016, Anders Kompass exposed the sexual assault of children
by peacekeepers in the Central African Republic and, as a consequence,
was dismissed by Ban's administration before being rehabilitated in
court. During the United Nations Secretary-General Candidate informal
dialogues, Guterres indicated it was completely unacceptable that there
be UN forces committing human rights violations such as
rape
and sexual violence. "All of us
together - states and UN - must do our utmost to ensure that any
kind of action of this type is severely punished," he said.
The United States raised the question of international tribunals
to try peacekeepers for their crimes. Guterres responded by saying an
independent jurisdiction would be excellent but that "the only way to
get there is through a new compact with all key
parties - true contributors, financial contributors - and to
make sure that there is an adjustment in the relation between countries,
the UN, and the support those that are contributing with troops
receive, in order to be able to do it much better." He also indicated
that there is a gap between theoretical zero tolerance and the
ineffective zero tolerance that actually exists on the ground and needs
to be overcome.
Donald
Trump, favoured fossil
fuels, fortunately
Joe Biden seems to have a better handle. "You son of a gun, have
you lost your marbles? All my investors run on oil." "Maybe,
but how long will you be President Donald?
CAREER HIGHS AND LOWS
On 1 January 2017, on his first day at the helm of the United
Nations as secretary-general, Guterres pledged to make 2017 a year for
peace. "Let us resolve to put peace first," he said.
On 12 April 2017, Guterres appointed an 8-member Independent
Panel to assess and enhance the effectiveness of UN-Habitat after
Adoption of the New Urban Agenda. The panel's recommendation to
establish an independent coordinating mechanism, ‘UN-Urban’ met with
criticism from urban experts and the African Urban Institute.
On 20 June 2017, "Secretary-General António Guterres warned the
Trump administration ... that if the United States disengages from many
issues confronting the international community it will be replaced."
In response to the death of Chinese Nobel Peace Prize laureate
Liu Xiaobo, who died of organ failure while in government custody,
Guterres said he was deeply saddened.
After the violence during the 2017 Catalan independence
referendum, Guterres trusted Spanish institutions to find a solution. He
gave the same message when Catalonia declared independence on 27
October 2017 but said the solution should be made under the
constitutional framework.
Guterres criticized the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen
and the naval, land and air blockade of Yemen. The blockade has further
aggravated Yemen's severe humanitarian crisis. Guterres said that the
intervention in Yemen "is a stupid war. I think this war is against the
interests of Saudi Arabia and the Emirates... [and] of the people of
Yemen."
Guterres opposed President Trump's decision to recognize Jerusalem as Israel's capital.
In March 2018, Guterres said the population of Syria's Eastern
Ghouta was living in "hell on earth". In one district, 93% of buildings
had been damaged or destroyed by December, according to UN satellite
imagery analysis. A recent wave of bombings has caused further
destruction.
Guterres called the 2018 North Korea–United States summit a
"crucial milestone" for nuclear disarmament. He urged both sides to
"seize this momentous opportunity" and offered UN assistance to achieve
the goal of dismantling North Korea's nuclear weapons program.
In August 2018, Guterres called for an independent investigation
into a Saudi Arabian-led coalition air strike in Yemen that killed 51
civilians, including 40 children.
Guterres condemned the persecution of the Rohingya Muslim
minority in Myanmar and called for a stronger response to the crisis.
In September 2018, during his address to the 73rd United Nations
General Assembly, Guterres became the first secretary to say that
advancing technology will disrupt labor markets like never before and to
advocate stronger safety nets like Universal Basic Income.
In 2019, human rights groups criticized Guterres for being
"silent" as China sent ethnic Uyghurs and other predominantly Muslim
ethnic minorities to the Xinjiang re-education camps. Human Rights Watch
chief Kenneth Roth said that Guterres "has been notably silent on one
of the most important, ... the most brazen human rights abuses, ...
because he is worried about upsetting the Chinese."
In June 2019, Guterres stated that the "U.N. has the obligation
to assume global leadership" in tackling climate change in the context
of a visit to the pacific island of Tuvalu. He had previously supported
other multilateral environmental initiatives, such as the Global Pact
for the Environment that was put forward by France in September 2017.
In September 2019, Guterres condemned Israeli plans to annex the
eastern portion of the occupied West Bank known as the Jordan Valley.
Guterres expressed his "deep concern" at the spiralling violence
in Syria a day after
Turkey launched an offensive in Kurdish-controlled
areas. He said any solution to the conflict needed to respect the
sovereignty of the territory and the unity of Syria.
Guterres praised the Israel–United Arab Emirates peace
agreement, stating that he welcomes "any initiative that can promote
peace and security in the Middle East region." Guterres expressed the
hope that the agreement between Israel and
Sudan to normalize relations
will create opportunities for peace and prosperity.
On 10 August 2020, responding to an explosion in Beirut,
Guterres expressed his support for all people in need in Lebanon,
especially women and girls who are most vulnerable in times of crisis.
On 22 September, he appealed for global solidarity to overcome COVID-19,
and again called for a global ceasefire by the end of 2020.
On 6 October 2020, Guterres expressed deep concern over the
escalation of hostilities in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh and
called on Armenia and Azerbaijan to immediately halt fighting and
progress towards a peaceful
resolution.
LIST
OF SECRETARY GENERAL'S
1 Trygve Lie
2 Dag Hammarskjöld
3 U Thant
4 Kurt Waldheim
5 Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
6 Boutros Boutros-Ghali
7 Kofi Annan
8 Ban Ki-moon
9 António Guterres
The
role of secretary-general is described as combining the functions and
responsibilities of an advocate, diplomat, civil servant, and CEO. The
UN Charter designates the secretary-general as the "chief administrative
officer" of the UN and allows him to perform "such other functions as
are entrusted" by other United Nations organs. The Charter also empowers
the secretary-general to inform the Security Council of "any matter
which in his opinion may threaten the maintenance of international peace
and security". These provision has been interpreted as providing broad
leeway for officeholders to serve a variety of roles as suited to their
preferences, skill set, or the circumstances.
The secretary-general's routine duties include overseeing the
activities and duties of the Secretariat; attending sessions with United
Nations bodies; consulting with world leaders, government officials,
and other stakeholders; and traveling the world to engage with global
constituents and bring attention to certain international issues. The
secretary-general publishes an annual report on the work of the UN,
which includes an assessment of its activities and an outline future
priorities. He or she is also Chairman of the United Nations System
Chief Executives Board for Coordination
(CEB), a body composed of the heads of all UN funds, programmes
and specialized agencies, which meets twice a year to discuss
substantive and management issues facing the United Nations System.
Many of the secretary-general's powers are informal and left
open to individual interpretation; some appointees have opted for more
activist roles, while others have been more technocratic or
administrative. The SG is often reliant upon the use of his or her "good
offices", described as "steps taken publicly and in private, drawing
upon his independence, impartiality and integrity, to prevent
international disputes from arising, escalating or spreading".
Consequently, observers have variably described the office as the
"world's most visible bully pulpit" or as the "world's moderator".
Examples include Dag Hammarskjöld's promotion of an armistice between
the warring parties of Arab-Israel conflict, Javier Perez de Cuellar's
negotiation of a ceasefire in the Iran-Iraq War, and U Thant's role in
de-esalating the Cuban Missile Crisis.
SELECTION
The
secretary-general is appointed by the General Assembly upon the
recommendation of the Security Council. As the recommendation must come
from the Security Council, any of the five permanent members of the
Council can veto a nomination. Most secretaries-general are compromise
candidates from middle powers and have little prior fame.
Unofficial qualifications for the job have been set by precedent
in previous selections. The appointee may not be a citizen of any of
the Security Council's five permanent members. The General Assembly
resolution 51/241 in 1997 stated that, in the appointment of "the best
candidate", due regard should be given to regional (continental)
rotation of the appointee's national origin and to gender equality,
although no woman has yet served as secretary-general. All appointees to
date have been career diplomats.
The length of the term is discretionary, but all
secretaries-general since 1971 have been appointed to five-year terms.
Every secretary-general since 1961 has been re-selected for a second
term, with the exception of Boutros
Boutros-Ghali, who was vetoed by the United States in the 1996
selection. There is a term limit of two full terms, established when
China cast a record 16 vetoes against Kurt Waldheim's third term in the
1981 selection. No secretary-general since 1981 has attempted to secure a
third term.
The selection process is opaque and is often compared to a papal
conclave. Since 1981, the Security Council has voted in secret in a
series of straw polls; it then submits the winning candidate to the
General Assembly for ratification. No candidate has ever been rejected
by the General Assembly, and only once, in 1950, has a candidate been
voted upon despite a UNSC veto.
In 2016, the General Assembly and the Security Council sought
nominations and conducted public debates for the first time. However,
the Security Council voted in private and followed the same process as
previous selections, leading the president of the General Assembly to
complain that it "does not live up to the expectations of the membership
and the new standard of openness and transparency".